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작성자 master 작성일2018-09-18 08:50 조회13,839회 댓글0건
https://www.basic4mcu.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=gac&wr_id=3109
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질문에 적힌 그대로 왜 C언어인지 알고싶습니다. A언어나 D언어가 아닌 왜 하필 C언어인가요.?
컴퓨터에 C라는 답변은 안해주셨으면 좋겠습니다ㅠㅠ
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Timeline of programming languages
Pre-1950
Year Name Chief developer, company Predecessor(s) Year Name Chief developer, company Predecessor(s) 1804 Jacquard Loom Joseph Marie Jacquard none (unique language) 1943–45 Plankalkül (concept) Konrad Zuse none (unique language) 1943–46 ENIAC coding system John von Neumann, John Mauchly, J. Presper Eckert, Herman Goldstineafter Alan Turing none (unique language) 1946 ENIAC Short Code Richard Clippinger, John von Neumann after Alan Turing ENIAC coding system 1946 Von Neumann and Goldstine graphing system(Notation) John von Neumann and Herman Goldstine ENIAC coding system 1947 ARC Assembly Kathleen Booth[1][2] ENIAC coding system 1948 CPC Coding scheme Howard H. Aiken Analytical Engine order code 1948 Curry notation system Haskell Curry ENIAC coding system 1948 Plankalkül (concept published) Konrad Zuse none (unique language) 1949 Short Code John Mauchly and William F. Schmitt ENIAC Short Code 1950s
Year Name Chief developer, company Predecessor(s) Year Name Chief developer, company Predecessor(s) 1950 Short Code William F Schmidt, Albert B. Tonik,[3] J.R. Logan Brief Code 1950 Birkbeck Assembler Kathleen Booth ARC 1951 Superplan Heinz Rutishauser Plankalkül 1951 ALGAE Edward A Voorhees and Karl Balke none (unique language) 1951 Intermediate Programming Language Arthur Burks Short Code 1951 Regional Assembly Language Maurice Wilkes EDSAC 1951 Boehm unnamed coding system Corrado Böhm CPC Coding scheme 1951 Klammerausdrücke Konrad Zuse Plankalkül 1951 OMNIBAC Symbolic Assembler Charles Katz Short Code 1951 Stanislaus (Notation) Fritz Bauer none (unique language) 1951 Whirlwind assembler Charles Adams and Jack Gilmore at MIT Project Whirlwind EDSAC 1951 Rochester assembler Nat Rochester EDSAC 1951 Sort Merge Generator Betty Holberton none (unique language) 1952 A-0 Grace Hopper Short Code 1952 Glennie Autocode Alick Glennie after Alan Turing CPC Coding scheme 1952 Editing Generator Milly Koss SORT/MERGE 1952 COMPOOL RAND/SDC none (unique language) 1953 Speedcoding John W. Backus none (unique language) 1953 READ/PRINT Don Harroff, James Fishman, George Ryckman none (unique language) 1954 Laning and Zierler system Laning, Zierler, Adams at MIT Project Whirlwind none (unique language) 1954 Mark I Autocode Tony Brooker Glennie Autocode 1954–55 Fortran (concept) Team led by John W. Backus at IBM Speedcoding 1954 ARITH-MATIC Team led by Grace Hopper at UNIVAC A-0 1954 MATH-MATIC Team led by Charles Katz A-0 1954 MATRIX MATH H G Kahrimanian none (unique language) 1954 IPL I (concept) Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert A. Simon none (unique language) 1955 FLOW-MATIC Team led by Grace Hopper at UNIVAC A-0 1955 BACAIC M. Grems and R. Porter 1955 PACT I SHARE FORTRAN, A-2 1955 Freiburger Code[4][5] University of Freiburg N/A 1955–56 Sequentielle Formelübersetzung Fritz Bauer and Karl Samelson Boehm 1955–56 IT Team led by Alan Perlis Laning and Zierler 1955 IBM 1956–58 LISP (concept) John McCarthy IPL 1957 COMTRAN Bob Bemer FLOW-MATIC 1957 GEORGE Charles Leonard Hamblin none (unique language) 1957 Fortran I (implementation) John W. Backus at IBM FORTRAN 1957–58 UNICODE Remington Rand UNIVAC MATH-MATIC 1957 COMIT (concept) none (unique language) 1958 IPL II (implementation) Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert A. Simon IPL I 1958 Fortran II Team led by John W. Backus at IBM FORTRAN I 1958 ALGOL 58 (IAL) ACM/GAMM FORTRAN, IT, Sequentielle Formelübersetzung 1958 IPL V Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert A. Simon IPL II 1959 APT Douglas T. Ross 1959 FACT Fletcher R. Jones, Roy Nutt, Robert L. Patrick none (unique language) 1959 COBOL (concept) The CODASYL Committee FLOW-MATIC, COMTRAN, FACT 1959 JOVIAL Jules Schwartz at SDC ALGOL 58 1959 LISP (implementation) John McCarthy IPL 1959 MAD – Michigan Algorithm Decoder Bruce Arden, Bernard Galler, and Robert M. Graham ALGOL 58 1959 TRAC (concept) Calvin Mooers 1960s
1970s
Year Name Chief developer, company Predecessor(s) Year Name Chief developer, company Predecessor(s) 1970? Forth (implementation) Charles H. Moore 1970 POP-2 Robin Popplestone POP-1 1970 Pascal Niklaus Wirth, Kathleen Jensen ALGOL 60, ALGOL W 1970 BLISS Wulf, Russell, Habermann at Carnegie Mellon University ALGOL 1971 KRL Daniel G. Bobrow at Xerox PARC, Terry Winograd at Stanford University KM, FRL (MIT) 1971 Sue Ric Holt et al. at University of Toronto Pascal, XPL 1971 Compiler Description Language (CDL) Cornelis H.A. Koster at University of Nijmegen 1972 Smalltalk Alan Kay, Adele Goldberg, Dan Ingalls, Xerox PARC Simula 67 1972 PL/M Gary Kildall at Digital Research PL/I, ALGOL, XPL 1972 C Dennis Ritchie B, BCPL, ALGOL 68 1972 INTERCAL Don Woods and James M. Lyon none (unique language) 1972 Prolog Alain Colmerauer 2-level W-Grammar 1972 Structured Query language (SQL) IBM ALPHA, Quel (Ingres) 1973 COMAL Børge Christensen, Benedict Løfstedt Pascal, BASIC 1973 ML Robin Milner 1973 LIS Jean Ichbiah et al. at CII Honeywell Bull Pascal, Sue 1973 Speakeasy-3 Stanley Cohen, Steven Pieper at Argonne National Laboratory Speakeasy-2 1974 CLU Barbara Liskov ALGOL 60, Lisp, Simula 1974 GRASS Thomas A. DeFanti BASIC 1974 BASIC FOUR MAI BASIC Four Inc. Business BASIC 1974 PROSE modeling language CDC 6600 Cybernet Services SLANG, FORTRAN 1975 ABC Leo Geurts and Lambert Meertens SETL 1975 Irvine Dataflow (concept) Arvind?, University of California, Irvine 1975 PROSE modeling language Time-Sharing Version CDC 6400 Cybernet KRONOS Services SLANG, FORTRAN 1975 Scheme Gerald Jay Sussman, Guy L. Steele, Jr. LISP 1975 Altair BASIC Bill Gates, Paul Allen BASIC 1975 CS-4 James S. Miller, Benjamin M. Brosgol et al. at Intermetrics ALGOL 68, BLISS, ECL, HAL 1975 Modula Niklaus Wirth Pascal 1976 Plus Allan Ballard, Paul Whaley at the University of British Columbia Pascal, Sue 1976 Smalltalk-76 Xerox PARC Smalltalk-72 1976 Mesa Xerox PARC ALGOL 1976 SAM76 Claude A.R. Kagan LISP, TRAC 1976 Ratfor Brian Kernighan C, FORTRAN 1976 S John Chambers at Bell Labs APL, PPL, Scheme 1976 SAS SAS Institute 1976 Integer BASIC Steve Wozniak BASIC 1977 FP John Backus none (unique language) 1977 Bourne Shell (sh) Stephen R. Bourne none (unique language) 1977 Commodore BASIC Jack Tramiel BASIC 1977 IDL David Stern of Research Systems Inc Fortran 1977 Standard MUMPS MUMPS 1977 Icon (concept) Ralph Griswold SNOBOL 1977 Red Benjamin M. Brosgol et al. at Intermetrics for US Dept of Defense ALGOL 68, CS-4 1977 Blue John B. Goodenough et al. at SofTech for US Dept of Defense ALGOL 68 1977 Yellow Jay Spitzen et al. at SRI International for US Dept of Defense ALGOL 68 1977 Euclid Butler Lampson at Xerox Parc, Ric Holt and James Cordy at University of Toronto 1977 Applesoft BASIC Marc McDonald and Ric Weiland BASIC 1978 RAPT Pat Ambler and Robin Popplestone APT 1978 C shell Bill Joy C 1978 RPG III IBM FARGO, RPG, RPG II 1978 HAL/S designed by Intermetrics for NASA XPL 1978 Applesoft II BASIC Marc McDonald and Ric Weiland Applesoft BASIC 1975 Irvine Dataflow (implementation) Arvind and Gostelow, University of California, Irvine 1978? MATLAB Cleve Moler at the University of New Mexico Fortran 1978? SMALL Nevil Brownlee at the University of Auckland Algol60 1978 VisiCalc Dan Bricklin, Bob Frankston marketed by VisiCorp none (unique language) 1979 Modula-2 Niklaus Wirth Modula, Mesa 1979 REXX Mike Cowlishaw at IBM PL/I, BASIC, EXEC 2 1979 AWK Alfred Aho, Peter J. Weinberger, Brian Kernighan C, SNOBOL 1979 Icon (implementation) Ralph Griswold SNOBOL 1979 Vulcan dBase-II Wayne Ratliff none (unique language) 1980s
1990s
Year Name Chief developer, company Predecessor(s) Year Name Chief developer, company Predecessor(s) 1990 AMOS BASIC François Lionet and Constantin Sotiropoulos STOS BASIC 1990 AMPL Robert Fourer, David Gay and Brian Kernighan at Bell Laboratories 1990 Object Oberon H Mössenböck, J Templ, R Griesemer Oberon 1990 J Kenneth E. Iverson, Roger Hui at Iverson Software APL, FP 1990 Haskell Miranda 1990 EuLisp Common Lisp, Scheme 1990 Z Shell (zsh) Paul Falstad at Princeton University ksh 1991 GNU E David J. DeWitt, Michael J. Carey C++ 1991 Oberon-2 Hanspeter Mössenböck, Wirth Object Oberon 1991 Python Guido van Rossum ABC, ALGOL 68, Icon, Modula-3 1991 Oz Gert Smolka and his students Prolog 1991 Q Albert Gräf 1991 Visual Basic Alan Cooper, sold to Microsoft QuickBASIC 1992 Borland Pascal Turbo Pascal OOP 1992 Dylan many people at Apple Computer Inc. Common Lisp, Scheme 1992 S-Lang John E. Davis PostScript 1993? Self (implementation) Sun Microsystems Inc. Smalltalk 1993 Amiga E Wouter van Oortmerssen DEX, C, Modula-2 1993 Brainfuck Urban Müller P′′ 1993 LiveCode Transcript HyperTalk 1993 AppleScript Apple Computer Inc. HyperTalk 1993 K Arthur Whitney APL, Lisp 1993 Lua Roberto Ierusalimschy et al. at Tecgraf, PUC-Rio Scheme, SNOBOL, Modula, CLU, C++ 1993 R Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka S 1993 ZPL Chamberlain et al. at University of Washington C 1993 NewtonScript Walter Smith Self, Dylan 1993 Euphoria Robert Craig SNOBOL, AWK, ABC, Icon, Python 1994 Claire Yves Caseau Smalltalk, SETL, OPS5, Lisp, ML, C, LORE, LAURE 1994 ANSI Common Lisp Common Lisp 1994 RAPID ABB Group ARLA 1994 Pike Fredrik Hübinette et al. at Linköping University LPC, C, µLPC 1994 ANS Forth Elizabeth Rather, et al. Forth 1995 Ada 95 S. Tucker Taft, et al. at Intermetrics, Inc. Ada 83 1995 Borland Delphi Anders Hejlsberg at Borland Borland Pascal 1995 ColdFusion (CFML) Allaire 1995 Java James Gosling at Sun Microsystems C, Simula 67, C++, Smalltalk, Ada 83, Objective-C, Mesa 1995 LiveScript Brendan Eich at Netscape Self, C, Scheme 1995 Mercury Zoltan Somogyi at University of Melbourne Prolog, Hope, Haskell 1995 PHP Rasmus Lerdorf Perl 1995 Ruby Yukihiro Matsumoto Smalltalk, Perl 1995 JavaScript Brendan Eich at Netscape LiveScript 1995 Racket Matthew Flatt at Rice University Scheme, Lisp 1996 Curl David Kranz, Steve Ward, Chris Terman at MIT Lisp, C++, Tcl/Tk, TeX, HTML 1996 Lasso Blue World Communications Inc. 1996 Perl Data Language (PDL) Karl Glazebrook, Jarle Brinchmann, Tuomas Lukka, and Christian Soeller APL, Perl 1996 VBScript Microsoft Visual Basic 1996 OCaml INRIA Caml Light, Standard ML 1996 NetRexx Mike Cowlishaw REXX 1997 Component Pascal Oberon microsystems, Inc Oberon-2 1997 E Mark S. Miller Joule, Original-E 1997 Pico Free University of Brussels Scheme 1997 Squeak Smalltalk Alan Kay, et al. at Apple Computer Inc. Smalltalk-80, Self 1997 ECMAScript ECMA TC39-TG1 JavaScript 1997 F-Script Philippe Mougin Smalltalk, APL, Objective-C 1997 ISLISP ISO Standard ISLISP Common Lisp 1997 Tea Jorge Nunes Java, Scheme, Tcl 1997 REBOL Carl Sassenrath, Rebol Technologies Self, Forth, Lisp, Logo 1998 Logtalk Paulo Moura (then at University of Coimbra) Prolog 1998 ActionScript Gary Grossman ECMAScript 1998 Standard C++ ANSI/ISO Standard C++ C++, Standard C, C 1998 M2001 Ronald E. Prather, Trinity University (Texas) none (unique language) 1998 Pikt Robert Osterlund (then at University of Chicago) AWK, Perl, Unix shell 1998 PureBasic Frederic Laboureur, Fantaisie Software 1998 UnrealScript Tim Sweeney at Epic Games C++, Java 1998 XSLT (+ XPath) W3C, James Clark DSSSL 1999 Game Maker Language(GML) Mark Overmars Game Maker 1999 Harbour Antonio Linares dBase 2000s
Year Name Chief developer, company Predecessor(s) Year Name Chief developer, company Predecessor(s) 2000 Join Java G Stewart von Itzstein Java 2000 DarkBasic The Game Creators Ltd. 2000 C# Anders Hejlsberg, Microsoft (ECMA) C, C++, Java, Delphi, Modula-2 2001 Joy Manfred von Thun FP, Forth 2001 AspectJ Gregor Kiczales, Xerox PARC Java, Common Lisp 2001 D Walter Bright, Digital Mars C, C++, C#, Java 2001 Processing Casey Reas and Benjamin Fry Java, C, C++[8] 2001 Visual Basic .NET Microsoft Visual Basic 2001 RPG IV (RPGLE, ILE RPG, RPG Free) IBM FARGO, RPG, RPG II, RPG III, RPG/400 2001 GDScript (GDS) OKAM Studio Godot 2002 Io Steve Dekorte Self, NewtonScript, Lua 2002 Gosu Guidewire Software GScript 2002 PlayBasic Kevin Picone 2002 Scratch Mitchel Resnick, John Maloney, Natalie Rusk, Evelyn Eastmond, Tammy Stern, Amon Millner, Jay Silver, and Brian Silverman Logo, Smalltalk, Squeak, E-Toys, HyperCard, AgentSheets, StarLogo, Tweak, BYOB 2003 Nemerle University of Wrocław C#, ML, MetaHaskell 2003 Factor Slava Pestov Joy, Forth, Lisp 2003 Falcon Giancarlo Niccolai C++, Perl, Lua, Smalltalk, PHP, Lisp, Python, Ruby 2003 Scala Martin Odersky Smalltalk, Java, Haskell, Standard ML, OCaml 2003 C++03 C++ ISO/IEC 14882:2003 C++, Standard C, C 2003 Squirrel Alberto Demichelis Lua 2003 Boo Rodrigo B. de Oliveira Python, C# 2004 Subtext Jonathan Edwards none (unique language) 2004 Alma-0 Krzysztof Apt, Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica none (unique language) 2004 FreeBASIC Andre Victor QBasic 2004 Groovy James Strachan Java 2004 Little b Aneil Mallavarapu, Harvard Medical School, Department of Systems Biology Lisp 2005 Fantom Brian Frank, Andy Frank C#, Scala, Ruby, Erlang 2005 F# Don Syme, Microsoft Research OCaml, C#, Haskell 2005 Haxe Nicolas Cannasse ActionScript, OCaml, Java 2005 Oxygene RemObjects Software Object Pascal, C# 2005 Seed7 Thomas Mertes none (unique language) 2006 Links Philip Wadler, University of Edinburgh Haskell 2006 Cobra ChuckEsterbrook Python, C#, Eiffel, Objective-C 2006 Windows PowerShell Microsoft C#, ksh, Perl, CL, DCL, SQL 2006 OptimJ Ateji Java 2006 Fortress Guy Steele Scala, ML, Haskell 2006 Vala GNOME C# 2007 Ada 2005 Ada Rapporteur Group Ada 95 2007 Agda Ulf Norell Coq, Epigram, Haskell 2007 QB64 Galleon, QB64Team QBasic 2007 Clojure Rich Hickey Lisp, ML, Haskell, Erlang 2007 LOLCODE Adam Lindsay none (unique language) 2007 Oberon-07 Wirth Oberon 2007 Swift (parallel scripting language) University of Chicago, Argonne National Laboratory 2008 Nim Andreas Rumpf Python, Lisp, Object Pascal 2008 Genie Jamie McCracken Python, Boo, D, Object Pascal 2008 Pure Albert Gräf Q 2009 Chapel Brad Chamberlain, Cray Inc. HPF, ZPL 2009 Go C, Oberon, Limbo, Smalltalk 2009 CoffeeScript Jeremy Ashkenas JavaScript, Ruby, Python, Haskell 2009 Idris Edwin Brady Haskell, Agda, Coq 2009 Parasail S. Tucker Taft, AdaCore Modula, Ada, Pascal, ML 2009 Whiley David J. Pearce Java, C, Python 2009 Dafny K. Rustan M. Leino Java, Spec# 2010s
Year Name Chief developer, company Predecessor(s) Year Name Chief developer, company Predecessor(s) 2010 Rust Graydon Hoare, Mozilla Alef, C++, Camlp4, Erlang, Hermes, Limbo, Napier, Napier88, Newsqueak, NIL,Sather, Standard ML 2011 Ceylon Gavin King, Red Hat Java 2011 Dart Java, JavaScript, CoffeeScript, Go 2011 C++11 C++ ISO/IEC 14882:2011 C++, Standard C, C 2011 Kotlin JetBrains Java, Scala, Groovy, C#, Gosu 2011 Red Nenad Rakocevic Rebol, Scala, Lua 2011 MonkeyX Mark Sibly 2011 Opa MLstate OCaml, Erlang, JavaScript 2012 Elixir José Valim Erlang, Ruby, Clojure 2012 Elm Evan Czaplicki Haskell, Standard ML, OCaml, F# 2012 TypeScript Anders Hejlsberg, Microsoft JavaScript, CoffeeScript 2012 Julia Jeff Bezanson, Stefan Karpinski, Viral Shah, Alan Edelman, MIT MATLAB, Lisp, C, Fortran, Mathematica[9] (strictly its Wolfram Language), Python,Perl, R, Ruby, Lua[10] 2012 P Vivek Gupta, Ethan Jackson, Shaz Qadeer, Sriram Rajamani, Microsoft 2012 Ada 2012 ARA and Ada Europe (ISO/IEC 8652:2012) Ada 2005, ISO/IEC 8652:1995/Amd 1:2007 2013 P4 P4 Language Consortium (P4.org) 2013 Cuneiform Jörgen Brandt Swift (parallel scripting language) 2014 Crystal Ary Borenszweig, Manas Technology Solutions Ruby, C, Rust, Go, C#, Python 2014 Hack PHP 2014 Swift Apple Inc. Objective-C, Rust, Haskell, Ruby, Python, C#, CLU 2014 C++14 C++ ISO/IEC 14882:2014 C++, Standard C, C 2015 Perl 6 The Rakudo Team Perl, Haskell, Python, Ruby 2015 SpiderBasic Frederic Laboureur, Fantaisie Software 2016 Ring Mahmoud Fayed Lua, Python, Ruby, C, C#, BASIC, QML, xBase, Supernova 2017 C++17 C++ ISO/IEC 14882:2017 C++, Standard C, C 2017 CerberusX Michael Hartlef, Martin Leidel MonkeyX 2017 Ballerina WSO2, Open Source[11] 2018 Fortran 2018 ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG5 N2150:2018 Fortran 2008 See also
1972년에 만들어져서 아직까지 살아남은 언어일 뿐입니다.
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